Moleculars markers to be used for diagnosis, prognosis and target therapy in breast cancer - review

R. Stănculescu, V. Baușic, C. Coroleucă, D. Comandașu, C. Coroleucă, E. Brătilă

Rezumat: Purpose. The aim of current work is to update the information about the clinical practice implementation of molecular markers used for diagnosis, prognosis and individual therapy in women breast cancer. Material and method. The study relies on the analysis of the most important papers published during last 10 years concerning this domain of interest. Significant news and insight have been obtained by studying data published by PubMed and Cochrane systems. Results. The statistics data highlight that nowadays the breast cancer stands for the second cause of death worldwide recording 450,000 deaths/per year. The progressive growth of the death number by breast cancer is explained both by the rise of risk factors and by life expectancy. The discoveries in genomic and proteomic domain have led to the improvement of therapy methods with Tamoxifen or Trastuzumab. The published data focuses, on one hand, on the agreed markers with important significance for the prognosis and therapy attitude such as hormone receptors (estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors), Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER-2), Ki67 Antigen, Tumor Protein p53, Breast Cancer Susceptibility Genes (BRCA1, BRCA2), and on the other hand, underlines the significance of new candidate biomarkers for the optimisation of diagnosis and therapy treatment such as Caveolin, Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen, Chemokine Receptor Type 4, Chemokine Ligands 2 si 5, Growth Factors (VEGF, TGF-ß), microRNA and other genes. Conclusions. The assignment of an appropriate tumor marker panel is necessary for the improvement of management of women breast cancer regarding the diagnosis procedures, metastasis evidence, and new therapeutic strategies implementation for assessment of therapy response and peculiar case prognosis.
Cuvinte cheie: molecular markers, diagnosis, prognosis, breast cancer.