Fetomaternal hemorrhage: literature review and algorithm of diagnosis

R. Ciobanu, A.M. Cioca, R.E. Bohîlţea

Rezumat: The purpose of this review is to draw attention to the importance of early diagnosis in cases of clinically significant fetomaternal hemorrhage, which is a rare but important condition to consider in the diagnosis of fetal distress. Unfortunately, since the signs of fetomaternal hemorrhage are nonspecific and the majority of cases occur spontaneously, without prior trauma or other condition, a high degree of suspicion from the clinician is necessary to establish the early treatment. The use of paraclinical tests, such as Kleihauer-Betke test and flow cytometry, is necessary to identify the passage of fetal erythrocytes into the maternal circulation. The determination of the most efficient and accessible method of diagnosis is imperative. The proposed diagnostic algorithm presented in this article can help standardize the diagnostic process of fetomateral hemorrhage, making it more efficient and precise.
Cuvinte cheie: fetomaternal hemorrhage, fetal anemia, alloimmunization, Kleihauer-Betke, choriocarcinoma.