The neonatal characteristics of congenital defects of the kidney and urinary tract – our experience

D.M. Manea (Lascoschi), M.D. Dinu, R.M. Sima, L. Pleş, A.D. Stănescu

Rezumat: Introduction. Congenital defects of the kidney and urinary tract occur in the prenatal period and are responsible for 20-30% of all developmental malformations. The purpose of this study is to assess the risk factors for these intrauterine developmental disorders. Materials and method. We performed a prospective study between June 2016 and August 2021 that included newborns from the “Bucur” Maternity, Bucharest, who were diagnosed with congenital defects of the kidney and urinary tract. The study included 273 newborns divided into two groups: newborns with developing anomalies (n=144; 52.7% of all the subjects), and newborns without these anomalies (n=129; 47.3% of all the newborns). The malformations were divided into major and minor impairments. Results. Minor renal malformations were found in 5.56% of the newborns with anomalies (five males and three females). Also, 50% of these subjects were identified during pregnancy with a suspicion of minor renal anomalies. Moreover, 71.43% of the patients with this diagnosis had their mother living in urban area, and 37.5% of the patients with minor renal malformations came from a mother with diabetes. Another 37.5% of the newborns with minor renal defects had their mother with a history of oncologic diseases. Furthermore, 15.28% of the newborns from the group with development anomalies had major renal defects, 77.78% of them being born with a caesarean section and 77.27% of them being diagnosed during pregnancy. Conclusions. Major renal malformations are diagnosed in the prenatal period in a higher proportion than minor renal anomalies. Mothers with diabetes, oncological or renal diseases have a higher incidence of giving birth to an infant with urologic defects. Alcohol consumption can lead to major renal anomalies. Caesarean section is often required for infants with major renal anomalies. Male sex is associated with a higher incidence for minor renal anomalies.
Cuvinte cheie: congenital defects, kidney, renal anomalies, cancer, diabetes, antenatal care.