T. Salmen, R.E. Bohîlţea, C.A. Zugravu, B.M. Mihai, M. Mitran, R. Vlădăreanu
Rezumat: Lactation provides for the newborn the proper quantity and
quality of food. There are no alimentary restrictions for the
mother in the lactating period, but in case of complications
such as obesity or gestational diabetes, nutrition counseling
is necessary. The milk demand of the infant dictates the
mother’s capacity of milk production and is influenced
by age, growth rate and by any other medical conditions.
Breastfeeding offers optimal nutritional intake, even when
the mother’s food intake is limited, except for the case
when the mother has a chronically deficient diet. Energy
requirement depends on maternal age, weight, height and
level of physical activity, alongside the necessary elements
for milk synthesis. The micronutrients and macronutrients
requirements
depend on the maternal nutritional status,
the mobilization of tissue deposits and on their rate in milk
secretion, in order to provide a proper growth and development
of the newborn. Weight gain or loss in lactation is
similar as in nonpregnant women, but weight loss after
pregnancy is influenced by factors such as weight before
pregnancy, age, parity, race, smoking status, the amount of
physical exercises and if the mother returns to work outside
her home. Special situations such as multiple gestations,
obesity or recent bariatric surgery require support and encouragement
for a proper breastfeeding. Cuvinte cheie: breastfeeding, pregnancy, nutrition, energy,
obesity, maternal milk.