Maternal-fetal transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV)

S. Vlădăreanu, R. Vlădăreanu, A. Chilianu

Rezumat: Several studies have examined maternal-fetal transmission of human papillomavirus (HPV). This can occur through the following mechanisms: in the periconceptual period, during pregnancy and/or during perinatal period. Intrauterine transmission of HPV can be realised by hematogenous spread or by ascending infection from the maternal genital tract. HPV was detected in throphoblastic cells, placenta, amniotic fluid and umbilical cord. HPV has been identified in newborns and in children in the oropharyngeal region and anogenital region, both those born vaginally and those delivered by caesarean section. There is no clear consensus about the degree of protection that caesarean delivery can offer against maternal-fetal transmission. The consequences of vertical transmission of HPV on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes seem to dependent on the moment of infection. Maternal-fetal transmission may play an important role in vaccination strategies and in clinical management of infected women in family planning before pregnancy. This review discusses current concepts regarding maternal-fetal transmission of HPV and possible consequences of fetal exposure to HPV for a better understanding of the natural history of HPV infection and possible preventive measures.
Cuvinte cheie: HPV, pregnancy, maternal fetal transmission, perinatal.