Fetal and neonatal impact of diagnostic methods and chemotherapy in pregnancy in women with oncological diseases

V. Dima, I. Angelescu, A. Vidru, S. Vlădăreanu, G. Iancu, R.E. Bohîlțea, V. Varlas

Rezumat: Oncological conditions during pregnancy are diagnosed much more frequently in recent years due to advanced diagnostic methods. With the increase of the rate of diagnosis and specific oncological treatment, there were registered changes in the obstetrical behavior, but certain side effects were also observed on the fetus and the newborn. Because in many cases it is necessary to make a decision regarding the termination of the pregnancy taking into account the maternal benefit, the involvement of future parents in the conduct during pregnancy is crucial, the obstetrician together with the oncologist and parents establishing the optimal diagnosis and the oncological treatment. Regarding the medical decisions for the pregnancies of oncological patients, the safety of the fetus, the risk of metastasis and the viability of the fetus must be taken into account. The imaging diagnostic methods can have teratogenic effects on the fetus, especially in the first trimester of pregnancy, and the oncological treatment can have an impact on fetal growth, the neurological and cardiovascular system, and it is known that cytostatics cross the placenta in large quantities. The evolution of fetuses and newborns is generally favorable in the short term, but in the long term there are not enough studies to draw a conclusion. Unfortunately, there are situations in which fetal and placental metastases are encountered and these will negatively influence the viability of the fetus. The oncological pathology during pregnancy remains a challenge, due to the side effects of diagnostic methods and treatment on the pregnant woman, on the fetus and later on the newborn.
Cuvinte cheie: pregnancy, oncological treatment, neonatal outcomes, chemotherapy.