New insights regarding the deficiency of omega-3 essential fatty acids in pregnancy and the risks to the fetus
M. Niţescu, I. Stoian, D. Nuţă, A.A. Simionescu, M. Nedelescu
Rezumat: The pregnant woman’s diet must be varied and balanced;
the deficiency of some nutrients can have serious repercussions
on the development of the fetus and on the health of
the newborn. Omega-3 essential fatty acids are some of the
most important nutrients for both the health of the pregnant
woman and the newborn. This work aims to discuss
current
data on omega-3 essential fatty acid (PUFA) deficiency
during
pregnancy and lactation, as well as the possible
long-term
risks to the fetus and baby. Most experts recommend
eating
fish and seafood as the main source of omega-3 in the context
of a healthful diet and regular physical
activity. The beneficial
effects of omega-3 essential fatty acids during pregnancy
and lactation have been confirmed
by a large number of
clinical trials. The results of the studies
were in agreement
on the association of EPA/DHA with the favorable evolution
of pregnancy. Enriching the diet with omega-3, before and
during pregnancy, can have beneficial
effects for both mother
and fetus. According to EFSA (2009), an amount of 120-
340 mg of omega-3 per day is sufficient before and during
pregnancy, for the beneficial effects
of the cardiovascular,
ocular and central nervous system.
Omega-3 fatty acids ensure
the development of the brain and contribute to the formation
of the fetal retina and the normal psychomotor development
of the fetus. Still, a sufficient intake of omega-3 fatty acids
during pregnancy decreases the risk of preeclampsia, combats
postnatal depression, and reduces the risk of preterm birth. The
symptoms of omega-3 fatty acid deficiency during pregnancy
were highlighted in children at different ages until
the age of 6-8 years old: poorer results in verbal and IQ performance
tests, and poorer results of communication skills and abilities. Cuvinte cheie: polyunsaturated fatty acids, pregnancy,
premature birth, neurological development, visual acuity.